持续质量改进措施在医院卫生管理中的应用

目的分析在新时期医院卫生管理工作中实施持续质量改进措施的效果。方法选取2017年1月—2018年1月期间本院60名医务人员作为对照组,给予常规卫生管理,选取2018年2月—2019年2月期间本院60名医务人员作为观察组,给予持续质量改进管理,对比两组管理效果。结果组间对比,观察组手卫生执行率、手卫生合格率、无菌操作规范率均高于对照组,且观察组卫生知识考核评分及护理满意度评分也高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在新时期医院卫生管理中实施持续质量改进措施,更有利于提高医院卫生管理的整体水平,进而为医院的安全、健康、稳定运行提供保障。     

Accessibility of Medical Diagnostic Equipment for Patients With Disability: Observations From Physicians

ObjectiveTo explore attitudes and practices of physicians relating to accessible medical diagnostic equipment in serving patients with mobility disability.DesignOpen-ended individual telephone interviews, which reached data saturation. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim for qualitative conventional content analysis.SettingMassachusetts, the United States, October 2017-January 2018.ParticipantsPracticing physicians from 5 clinical specialties (N=20).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresCommon themes concerning physical accessibility.ResultsMean ± SD time in practice was 27.5±12.5 years; 14 practices had height-adjustable examination tables; and 7 had wheelchair-accessible weight scales. The analysis identified 6 broad themes: height-adjustable examination tables have advantages; height-adjustable examination tables have drawbacks; transferring patients onto examination tables is challenging; rationale for examining patients in their wheelchairs; perceptions of wheelchair-accessible weight scales; and barriers and facilitators to improving physical accessibility. Major barriers identified by participants included costs of equipment, limited space, and inadequate payment for extra time required to care for persons with disability. Even physicians with accessible examination tables sometimes examined patients seated in their wheelchairs.ConclusionsEven if physicians have accessible equipment, they do not always use it in examining patients with disability. Future efforts will need to consider ways to eliminate these access barriers in clinical practice. Given small sample size, results are not generalizable to physicians nationwide and globally.     

医药分开综合改革对公立医院药师队伍影响的调查

目的：研究公立医院药师队伍受医药分开综合改革的影响。方法：通过文献回顾法对既往研究成果进行整理和综述，通过专家咨询法设计了针对6个省市药师队伍和管理者的调查问卷和访谈提纲，并以此为工具开展调查。结果：改革对药师队伍的工作内容、工作量、工作心态等维度均存在影响，药师队伍对改革政策也有不同评价，对继续教育和医院、政府的支持政策有较大需求。结论：改革促使医疗机构运营策略与药学服务转型，不仅需要药师队伍内部提升，更需要外部设计。     

大数据技术在医院数据资源开发中的应用评价

通过问卷调查山东省内60家综合医院，统计分析医院数据开发与应用的基本情况、主要方向、平台建设、应用效果、经费投入与人才配置，阐述对比医院间差异，找出制约因素，提出改进意见，为相关医院深入拓展数据开发与大数据应用提供参考借鉴。     

Adverse drug reaction reporting in institutions across six Chinese provinces: a cross-sectional study

Background: Although China’s adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting and monitoring has developed rapidly, many challenges remain. This study assessed ADR monitoring and reporting in China and identified monitoring problems.

Research design and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of ADR reporting institutions in six Chinese provinces in April–December 2014. Questionnaires assessed ADR systems, basic resources, and pharmacovigilance activity.

Results: Of 720 questionnaires distributed, the response rate was 81.8%. About 93% (n = 371) of pharmaceutical companies and medical institutions had established ADR monitoring departments/units. Few institutions (26%, n = 104) allocated an ADR budget; 7% (n = 30) had received ADR monitoring funding in the last year (2013). Almost all institutions (99%, n = 555) had computers and 47% (n = 263) had a network database. Many institutions conducted public education about drug safety (49%, n = 283), medicine utilization reviews/quality surveys (28%, n = 158), and medicine consultation services (88%, n = 511). Institutions in eastern, central, and western China differed significantly on implementation of existing regulations and pharmacovigilance activities.

Conclusions: The institutions surveyed have established ADR monitoring systems. However, these systems have flaws. Urgent improvements are needed in funding, basic resources, reporting processes, and other pharmacovigilance activities.     

P53 Expression in benign Breast Disease Development: A Systematic Review

Background: Benign breast disease (BBD) is one of main breast cancer risk factors. Dysfunctions on p53 protein, which has a genome protective role, have been related to breast cancer developments. However, its role on BBD development is still unclear. Methods: A systematic review of literature was proceeded according to PRISMA-P guidelines. PubMed, BVS, MEDLINE and Scholar Google were used as databases, complemented by a manual search in articles references.  Articles searches were conducted from May to July 2019 and publications in English, Spanish and Portuguese were selected. P53 expression was set as outcome among women with BBD and were included only articles with good quality according STROBE tools. Data concerning p53 expression frequencies were independently extracted by two review authors, and eligible articles were synthesized. Results: From 12 studies selected for this review, the majority analyzed p53 expression in non-proliferative lesions and general p53 expressions ranged from 0 to 100%. P53 expression was more frequently observed in cases series studies (91.7%) and in studies conducted in Occidental Europe (41.7%). P53 expression was more frequent among tissues with fibrocystic disease (22.5%) and fibroadenoma (22.5%). Conclusion: When compared with all breast tissues types, benign breast disease corresponds to 34.39% of p53 expression. Second outcomes were not evaluated because the heterogeneity observed in selected studies. In addition, more studies considering ethnicity and benign breast disease classification should also be considered for further analysis.